Hodophilus citrinofoetens sp. nov. is described from Australia using morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses of ITS and LSU rDNA sequences. New combinations are provided for Camarophyllopsis darwinensis from northern Australia and C. kearneyi from south-eastern Australia, which are confirmed as species of Hodophilus based on their phylogenetic placement and the presence of clavate to sphaeropedunculate terminal elements in a hymeniderm pileipellis. Hodophilus citrinofoetens is a rarely detected species with yellow sporing bodies and a strong naphthalene odour that is so far known from Tasmania and the South West region of Western Australia. It is macromorphologically distinct from other Australian Hodophilus, which are mostly shades of brown. The phylogenetic analysis revealed further un-named species, amongst which are six putative novel species known from multiple collections, as well as additional singleton sequences. Further morphological and molecular investigations are required to confirm species delimitation among these putative phylogenetic species.