Four new species of the marine annelid family Phyllodocidae are described from shallow waters in southeastern Australia: Eulalia farosh sp. nov., Eulalia dinraal sp. nov. Eumida frampt sp. nov. and Phyllodoce naydra sp. nov. Each of the new species is characterised genetically and morphologically. Eulalia australiensis (Hartmann-Schröder, 1989) is now considered species inquirenda. Eumida fuscoculata Eibye-Jacobsen, 1991 is shown to comprise at least two morphologically distinct forms and appears to comprise at least one additional species which remains undescribed. We provide descriptions of Eulalia australiensis Hartmann-Schröder, 1987 new status, Eulalia australiensis (Hartmann-Schröder, 1989) species inquirenda new status, and of two forms currently confused under Eumida fuscoculata Eibye-Jacobsen, 1991: Eumida cf. fuscoculata “macropapillae phaynx” and Eumida cf. fuscoculata “smooth pharynx”. The Australian fauna of benthic Phyllodocidae now comprises 29 described species and a key to all Australian species of Phyllodocidae, and three unnamed forms, is included.